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The reason the modulus is important is because while it is easy to calculate the modulus of two numbers, it is hard to use the result to find which two numbers were used to calculate it. For example, 25 modulus 3 is 1, because after you divide 25 by 3, there is a remainder of 1. When doing modulus division, the result is the remainder after dividing the first number by the second number. The other part is that handy-dandy little tool we call the modulus.
Diffie hellman key cracker how to#
This is part of the magic of the Diffie-Hellman method.ĭon't Miss: How to Encrypt an Decrypt Text in Python When dealing with exponents raised to another exponent, it doesn't matter which order you calculate the final result in. How does this work mathematically though? The above concept is essentially an illustration of this formula: Each adds their own secret colors to the mixture they just received from the other, ending up with the same "secret" color of paint on both sides.īingo! A common secret that only Alice and Bob know. Alice and Bob each pick another unique "secret" color of paint that only they know and add it to the common paint, forming a new "public" mixture of color.Īlice and Bob then exchange their paint mixtures, keeping their secret color secret. Later on, we'll recognize this as a set of variables in a Python program. Image by Lorddota/ Wikimedia CommonsĪs seen in the picture above, Alice and Bob both start with the same common paint. The Wikipedia page for the D-H key exchange has a great graphic that explains the process simply:Ī simple explanation of the Diffie-Hellman key exchange. Let's dive in and discover exactly how the Diffie-Hellman key exchange works. Bill Young, a lecturer and researcher in computer science from the University of Texas at Austin, "The Diffie-Hellman key agreement protocol (1976) was the first practical method for establishing a shared secret over an unsecured communication channel." Sounds perfect. What if we could dynamically generate a key? What if there was some way that both a client and a server could agree upon an encryption key without ever having to tell each other the actual key? Enter the Diffie-Hellman key exchange. Digging through a program disassembler or even digging through someone's trash can be used to retrieve these keys, thus making the encryption process worthless. The problem is, these methods of encryption key sharing are hardly secure. It might be hard-coded into a program or delivered physically to the intended recipient. Typically, the encryption key will be predefined in some way. The only requirement is that both parties must have the encryption key. You simply generate a key, run an encryption algorithm against some information using that key, and send it to whoever it is intended for. The ProblemĮncrypting data is a fairly straightforward process. Today we're going to look specifically at how to encrypt data in Python with dynamically generated encryption keys using what is known as the Diffie-Hellman key exchange. However, this is a very wide-ranging answer. When we are building programs that communicate over a network, how can we keep our data private? The last thing we want is some other lousy hacker sniffing our packets, so how do we stop them? The easy answer: encryption.